The company, which is shifting focus from print to digital, said its fourth quarter profit more than tripled to $176.9 million, though most of that came from a $164 million gain on the sale of its stake in an online jobs website.
Nevertheless, the company beat most forecasts with a profit amounting to 32 cents a share, excluding special items, and revenues increasing 5.2 percent to $575 million in the period.
For the full year, the group posted a profit of $133 million, compared with a loss of $39.7 million in 2011.
Mark Thompson, the former BBC chief who became president and chief executive at the Times last November, claimed progress, noting that the number of digital subscribers grew 13 percent in the quarter to 668,000.
"2012 showed both the opportunities and challenges we face as a company," he said in a statement. "We saw continued strong growth in digital subscriptions as well as increased revenue from our large print circulation base.
"For the first time in our history, annual circulation revenues surpassed those from advertising. Our pay model continued to prove itself."
The company said paid subscribers to The Times and the International Herald Tribune rose 13 percent to 640,000 by the end of the fourth quarter.
Its Boston Globe unit had 28,000 paid digital subscribers, up eight percent over the the third quarter of 2012.
For 2012, the company's circulation revenues rose to $954 million, outstripping the $898 million from advertising.
Thompson said the figures showed "the demonstrated willingness of users here and around the world to pay for the high quality journalism for which The New York Times and the company's other titles are renowned."
By contrast, "the advertising environment remained challenging in the fourth quarter."
The company ended the year with $955 million in cash and short-term investments.
In March 2011, The Times began charging for full access to NYTimes.com and it launched a subscription-only website for the Boston Globe later that year.
Thompson, in a conference call with analysts, cited "the very extensive use of NYTimes.com outside the US" with "minimal marketing activity" and said this could provide growth.
"We think that the potential to tap into larger reservoirs of potential users and subscribers is there," he said.
"We're doing the work, trying to figure out region by region and country by country where the best opportunities are."
The group said circulation revenues are projected to increase in the mid-single digits in the first quarter of 2013 because of digital subscription initiatives and a rise in the newspaper's price in the first quarter of 2013.
Shares in the company rallied 3.3 percent to close at $8.51 on the news, while analysts gave a mixed response.
Media analyst Ken Doctor, at the research firm Outsell, said the news group "isn't being pushed backward, it's just not making much forward progress. Financially, it's essentially flat, or a tad worse."
But he maintained that the digital strategy appears to be working so far.
"It's clear how much can be gained through smart introduction of metered paywalls. It's unclear how much circulation revenue growth can be had in the third year plus," he noted.
Kannan Venkateshwar, at Barclays, said the results were "better than our expectations" and predicted that the company will outperform most of its peers.
"Given the already high base of digital subscribers, we had expected some slowdown in digital subscriber growth, which has not materialized yet," the analyst said in a research note.
"While trends on the advertising side continue to be weak... circulation revenue gains have now been consistently offsetting the loss in advertising revenues for the last two quarters."
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