Sunday, March 31, 2013

AMD Radeon HD 7990 says hello, plays a bit of Battlefield 4 at GDC

AMD Radeon HD 7990 says hello, plays a bit of Battlefield 4 at GDC

Gamers were down-right spoiled at this year's GDC with a full 17 minutes of beautiful Battlefield 4 in-game footage. Minds blown, AMD took responsibility for the part it played in the mess, admitting the demo was running on its Radeon HD 7990 graphics card. It's the first time the company's confirmed the existence of the long-fabled card, and went as far as calling the case-busting monster "the world's fastest." All we know is the card combines two of the HD 7970's Tahiti GPUs -- AMD's not sharing the full specs -- but the eagle-eyed folks at AnandTech have plucked a few extra details from the limited pictures available. They note the open-air cooling, which would require a drafty case but mean the fans should run fairly quiet, and that power consumption is likely to be no more than 375 watts. Not much to go on, we know, but we'll be waiting eagerly for AMD's full reveal. Now, your BF4 video awaits. (Warning: the game dialogue contains a few naughty words).

[Image Credit: AnandTech]

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Via: AnandTech

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Is Chris Brown Telling Drake To 'Come Out The Closet' On 'R.I.P.' Remix?

'If you started from the bottom, go on and come out the closet,' Breezy raps on Young Jeezy remix, seemingly referencing Drizzy's new single.
By Rob Markman


Chris Brown
Photo: Jason Kempin/ Getty Images

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1704656/chris-brown-drake-rip-remix-young-jeezy.jhtml

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Pilot ejected when swhile diving small airplane near Chattanooga; search under way

By Gil Aegerter, Staff Writer, NBC News

A student pilot was ejected from a small aircraft above an area east of Chattanooga, Tenn., in a freak accident Friday evening, and authorities were searching for him.

The accident occurred when the owner of the Zodiac 601XL plane was taking lessons from an instructor, NBC station WRCB of Nashville reported, citing police. A malfunction caused the plane to nose dive and the canopy flew open -- and neither man was wearing a seat belt, WRCB reported.

The accident occurred at about 2,500 feet,?the Chattanooga Times Free Press reported.?

The instructor was able to land the aircraft back at Collegedale Municipal Airport, operations manager Chris Hancock confirmed to NBC News. He directed further questions to a Collegedale police spokesman who could not immediately be reached.


A ground search was under way in Bradley County, WRCB said. The Times Free Press said the owner-pilot had a cell phone with him and rescuers were pinging it in an attempt to find him.

Neither of the men was identified publicly by authorities.

WRCB said the plane had been owned by a man killed in a December crash and then was sold to the current owner, described as an experienced pilot who wanted more training in the Zodiac.

The Zodiac 601XL is a single-engine kit aircraft offered for home builders. Its two seats are side by side under a large domed, canopy.

?

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653381/s/2a25fde2/l/0Lusnews0Bnbcnews0N0C0Inews0C20A130C0A30C290C175217240Epilot0Eejected0Ewhen0Eswhile0Ediving0Esmall0Eairplane0Enear0Echattanooga0Esearch0Eunder0Eway0Dlite/story01.htm

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Saturday, March 30, 2013

Japanese Study Warns of China's Rising Military Assertiveness (Voice Of America)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

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Bungie shows off 'Destiny' characters on video

"Halo" creator Bungie has been sparing with details on the gameplay of its next big project, "Destiny," but liberal with concept art. The veil was lifted a little further Friday with the release of a video showing characters making the jump from concept to in-game model.

The video was shown at Bungie's panel at the Game Developers Conference in San Francisco. While it doesn't contain any actual gameplay, there's plenty of info to be extracted from the character models and animations.

For instance, the "Cabal" fighters are heavily armored and likely fill the role of tank. The three classes shown at the end ? Titan, Warlock, and Hunter ? fit neatly into the "warrior, wizard, rogue" archetypes already in place in thousands of games.

Sharp-eyed viewers will identify several influences, from "Warhammer 40K" and "Star Wars" to manga like "Appleseed" to, of course, Bungie's previous games. A batch of concept art was also released, which Kotaku has kindly collected here.

More substantial information about the game itself will likely be given out at E3 in June.

Devin Coldewey is a contributing writer for NBC News Digital. His personal website is coldewey.cc.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653377/s/2a254d92/l/0L0Snbcnews0N0Ctechnology0Cingame0Cbungie0Eshows0Edestiny0Echaracters0Evideo0E1C9145348/story01.htm

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Prosecutors reject plea offer of accused Colorado theater shooter: report

By Keith Coffman

DENVER (Reuters) - Prosecutors have rejected the plea offer of the man accused of gunning down 12 people in a Colorado movie theater last July, saying his defense team's offer of a guilty plea in exchange for avoiding the death penalty was not legitimate, the Denver Post newspaper reported on Thursday.

"There is not ? and has never been ? an actual or unqualified 'offer' to plead guilty," prosecutors wrote in court documents released on Thursday, according to the paper. "The prosecution indicated that it could not consider such an offer without specific additional information, which the defense refused to provide."

Reuters was not able to obtain the filing before the Arapahoe County District Court closed on Thursday and the court posted no copies online. Prosecutors and defense attorneys rarely comment on the case, citing a strict gag order imposed by the judge.

James Holmes, 25, faces multiple counts of first-degree murder and attempted murder stemming from the July 20 massacre at a showing of the Batman film "The Dark Knight Rises" in Aurora, Colorado, that also wounded 58 people.

Arapahoe County District Attorney George Brauchler has said that he would inform the court on Monday whether his office would seek the death penalty against the former University of Colorado neuroscience graduate student accused of one of the deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history.

'MISREPRESENTATION'

The possibility that Holmes could plead guilty in the sensational case made international headlines, and prosecutors suggested in their court filing that his lawyers were seeking publicity, according to the Post.

"The misrepresentation ? now published by media outlets throughout the world ? appears to be an attempt to deliberately prejudice the public, witnesses and victims against the People," prosecutors wrote, the paper reported. "The People believe that this needs to be corrected."

In their court filing on Wednesday, defense attorneys said that if prosecutors accepted their plea offer, the case could be resolved on Monday.

Lawyers for Holmes, who surrendered to officers outside the theater minutes after the shooting rampage, had been expected to mount an insanity defense on his behalf at trial.

"As previously stated in court, counsel for Mr. Holmes are still exploring a mental health defense, and counsel will vigorously present and argue any and all appropriate defenses at a trial or sentencing proceeding as necessary," the defense said in the court papers.

"Nevertheless, Mr. Holmes is currently willing to resolve the case to bring the proceedings to a speedy and definite conclusion for all involved," the defense said.

Scott Larimer, whose 27-year-old son, John, was slain in the mass shooting, told Reuters in a telephone interview on Thursday that, while he previously felt he could accept Holmes pleading guilty and avoiding the death penalty, he now felt less sure.

"In theory, I'm not opposed to the plea, but that was more philosophical than fact. Now that's in black and white it's a whole lot different," Larimer said. "I wouldn't say I'm ready to sign off on it until the prosecutors - who have been very good at keeping us up to date - fully review it."

(Writing and additional reporting by Dan Whitcomb; Editing by Kevin Gray, Bernard Orr and Lisa Shumaker)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/colorado-theater-shooter-lawyers-lack-legitimate-plea-offer-000802456.html

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Celebrity Real Estate - Curbed LA

Thursday, March 28, 2013, by Adrian Glick Kudler







2013.03_seacrestdegeneres.jpgWhy are celebrities always buying each other's houses? Who better than the ever-informed Your Mama of Real Estalker to tell us: "Stars and other high-net-worth people have special real estate needs regular people don't, needs probably already addressed in a home owned by a celebrity: high walls to act as looky-loo buffers, remote-control access and badass alarm systems are inviolable requirements." Plus: "Confidentiality is paramount when dealing with the rich and famous -- and you can bet they trust one another a lot more than others in these matters." [The Hollywood Reporter, image of compound Ryan Seacrest bought from Ellen DeGeneres via]

Source: http://la.curbed.com/archives/2013/03/celebrity_real_estate_4.php

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Obama touts infrastructure in Florida trip focused on economy

By Jeff Mason

MIAMI (Reuters) - President Barack Obama walked into the mouth of a giant tunnel in Miami on Friday to highlight proposals to boost investment in U.S. infrastructure, a move designed to show a leader still focused on the economy in the midst of broader policy battles in Washington.

Obama's tour of the Port of Miami tunnel project and a subsequent speech were aimed at convincing members of the U.S. Congress to back proposals that would leverage taxpayer dollars into funds to rebuild American roads, bridges and other infrastructure.

"My main message is, let's get this done," he said. "Let's rebuild this country that we love."

Obama, as he has in the past, said he wanted to develop a national infrastructure bank and capitalize it with $10 billion. The idea is to pull in private-sector funding and pick projects based on merit.

He would also create "America Fast Forward Bonds" that would help state and local governments attract money for infrastructure projects. These would be direct subsidy bonds in which the issuer would receive a 28 percent subsidy of the borrowing cost as a way of attracting a wider set of investors.

In addition, Obama would add $4 billion to support two programs that are used to provide grants for infrastructure projects like the Miami tunnel.

It is unclear how far the proposals will go in Congress. Republicans are reluctant to support what they consider government stimulus spending after a much criticized $787 billion stimulus plan that Obama managed to push through Congress in 2009.

Florida's Republican governor, Rick Scott, said his state has been able to improve the Florida economy without Washington's assistance.

"In Florida, we've managed to grow jobs by cutting taxes, paying down debt and balancing the budget - a stark contrast to the ways of Washington," he said.

Obama noted that some people on both sides of the political spectrum, such as labor unions and the Chamber of Commerce, had supported his infrastructure ideas.

"Building bridges and schools, that's not a partisan idea," he said.

Obama was criticized in his first term for focusing too much on his signature policy goal of revamping the U.S. healthcare system, which critics said resulted in him giving less attention to the slow economic recovery.

The White House rejects that charge.

Since his re-election in November and his January inauguration, Obama has steered a policy push focused primarily on passing both immigration reform and tighter gun control measures.

However, his State of the Union address in February included a series of measures to boost the economy, and the Florida trip fleshed out some of those ideas.

Alan Krueger, Obama's chief economist, told reporters traveling with the president on Air Force One that the three main proposals outlined by Obama would cost some $21 billion but that cuts would be made elsewhere to avoid increasing the budget deficit.

Obama's fiscal 2014 budget proposal, which will be released on April 10, would spell out how they are paid for, he said. All of the proposals require congressional approval.

Although Obama will not run for re-election again, Florida is still important for him and his fellow Democrats. The political swing state backed the president in 2012 and will be critical to determining whether a Democrat holds on to the White House or whether a Republican recaptures it in 2016.

The White House believes an increase in infrastructure investment would make the United States more competitive while providing a boost to the construction industry, which is still suffering high levels of unemployment.

(Additional reporting by Steve Holland in Washington; editing by Christopher Wilson)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-touts-infrastructure-florida-trip-focused-economy-185512785--business.html

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BracketRacket: Jim Boeheim, R.L. Stine and pizza

Syracuse head coach Jim Boeheim answers questions during a news conference Friday, March 29, 2013, in Washington. Syracuse plays Marquette in a regional semifinal game in the NCAA basketball tournament on Saturday. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

Syracuse head coach Jim Boeheim answers questions during a news conference Friday, March 29, 2013, in Washington. Syracuse plays Marquette in a regional semifinal game in the NCAA basketball tournament on Saturday. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

Syracuse head coach Jim Boeheim reacts during the first half of an East Regional semifinal in the NCAA college basketball tournament against Indiana, Thursday, March 28, 2013, in Washington. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

Maryland head coach Brenda Frese smiles during a news conference prior to practice for a women's regional semifinal game in the NCAA college basketball tournament in Bridgeport, Conn., Friday, March 29, 2013. Maryland plays Connecticut Saturday. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Kansas' Naadir Tharpe, left, and Ben McLemore right react in the lockeroom after losing 87-85 to Michigan in overtime of a regional semifinal game in the NCAA college basketball tournament, Friday, March 29, 2013, in Arlington, Texas. (AP Photo/Tony Gutierrez)

Michigan's Glenn Robinson III (1), Tim Hardaway Jr. (10), Jordan Morgan (52), Caris LeVert (23) celebrate after beating Kansas 87-85 in overtime of a regional semifinal game in the NCAA college basketball tournament, Friday, March 29, 2013, in Arlington, Texas. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

Welcome back to BracketRacket, your one-stop shopping place for all things NCAA.

For our final Sweet 16 edition, Syracuse coach Jim Boeheim chuckles at NFL film study, author R.L. Stine marvels at the NCAA tournament's knack for mass hypnosis, Pizza Hut plans a shockingly good deal at Wichita State, a rare travel plan for the Maryland women and the tournament's interference with educating tomorrow's leaders.

___

BOEHEIM, THE FILM CRITIC

You know how those NFL coaches bury themselves in the film room? AP Sports Writer Joseph White reports from Washington that's just not Jim Boeheim's style.

"I'm not a big proponent of scouting, film work," the Syracuse coach said before facing fellow Big East member Marquette in a regional final. "I probably watch less film than anybody in the country. We know what we need to do. Everybody in this business knows what they need to do. It's a question of if you can execute it in the game."

That much was evident in the Orange's win against top-seeded Indiana on Thursday night. The Hoosiers just couldn't solve the Syracuse zone even though they knew what was coming.

"I always laugh at football coaches," Boeheim said. "They know every play, every position, every move that these other guys are going to make because they watch 36,000 hours of tape. Their players have no clue what they're talking about. ... I always say if the football player can do one-tenth of what those coaches know, they would be geniuses, because you can't.

"It's not what the coaches know or what you know, it's what the players know and how they execute, and sometimes it looks like we didn't coach 'em at all, you know, but we do. We do try. We do coach 'em."

___

SCARY STUFF

Author R.L. Stine has spent two decades scaring children with his "Goosebumps" youth horror books. Stine, who went to Ohio State, is also fascinated with the way the NCAA tournament puts the nation in a trance every March.

"This is why the tournament is so brilliant, with all the brackets," Stine told AP Business Writer Christina Rexrode. "That's incredible mind control."

Stine ? his latest work, "How I Met My Monster," is out this week ? said he doesn't fill out a bracket and doesn't follow the sport much until the tournament arrives. But his wife, Jane, always does a bracket.

"She has very strange methods," Stine said. "Last year, she just picked schools that began with K, and she did great."

Evidently so, considering Kentucky beat Kansas to win the national title.

___

GATORS, UNDERDOGS AND (GASP!) BLUE DEVILS

Wendy Thomas is the red-headed girl featured in the name and logo for Wendy's fast food restaurants. The daughter of founder Dave Thomas is keeping a close watch on this year's round of 16.

Wendy Thomas went to Florida, but cheers for Ohio State because she lives in Columbus, Ohio. She even told Rexrode that, while she wanted the Gators to beat tournament darling Florida Gulf Coast in Friday night's South Regional, she would've been OK had the game gone the other way.

"I love underdogs," she said. "Everybody deserves a chance."

As for her late father, well, he liked one of the blue bloods.

"There was a time there ? I hate to say it ? when he did cheer a lot for Duke," she said. "But I think he did it just to make me mad."

___

PIZZA FOR EVERYONE? ONLY AFTER 3 MORE WINS

Three more wins by Wichita State, and it's time for an all-time college-student favorite: free pizza.

If the Shockers win the title, Pizza Hut officials have promised to feed the students in the original restaurant building on campus the Thursday after the final game.

The first Pizza Hut opened in 1958 in Wichita and the building was later moved to campus in 1986 for use by student groups. Spokesman Doug Terfehr said in an email Friday night that the chain will bring in a mobile kitchen to prepare and serve the pizzas, and open the restaurant building for students to sit and eat.

The chain would also offer a $9 pizza deal, matching the Shockers' NCAA seeding, for people who sign up online.

Any more last-second 3-pointers from Ohio State ? which has won two straight in dramatic fashion to meet the Shockers in the regional final ? and Wichita State students will be depressed AND hungry.

___

ALL ABOARD!

Over in the women's tournament, AP Basketball Writer Doug Feinberg reports, the Maryland women took a different route to get to Bridgeport, Conn., for Saturday's regional semifinal against Connecticut.

The Terrapins couldn't fly since Maryland is within 350 miles of the site, so they took the train.

"We felt like it would be a tremendous experience for a lot of our players," Maryland coach Brenda Frese said. "I asked them and over three-quarters of them had never taken the train. To give them that experience through basketball was a phenomenal opportunity and one we really enjoyed together."

The Terps were able to spread out and held study hall during the 4-hour trip.

"The train ride was very different," Terps senior Tianna Hawkins said. "I'm not really used to all the stops and people coming and going. When I was younger I traveled a lot, but we flew."

The Terrapins will bus back to Maryland. They had sent a bus to their hotel with their gear and luggage.

___

A TOURNAMENT SLOWDOWN

The Flint Journal reported this week that a Michigan school district recently had to block access to college basketball games over its computer network.

The reason? People watching tournament games online last week slowed the Genesee Intermediate School District network so much that it prevented students from viewing online material at school.

Perhaps not coincidentally, it happened the same day Michigan and Michigan State opened tournament play ? though only Michigan State played during school hours.

___

DEVOTION

Check out this quick hitter about a man determined not to interfere with fellow Kansas fans watching the Jayhawks in the NCAAs: http://yhoo.it/YIK3hy

___

STAT OF THE DAY

Indiana is the latest top-ranked team from the preseason to fall short of the Final Four.

The Hoosiers' loss to Syracuse in the round of 16 marked the fourth straight year and ninth time in 15 years that the No. 1 in the AP preseason poll didn't make it to the tournament's final weekend, according to STATS.

Only three preseason No. 1s ? Connecticut in 2004, Florida in 2007 and North Carolina in 2009 ? have gone on to win the national championship since 1999.

___

QUOTE OF THE DAY

"To lose a game this way, I know our guys are just crushed right now, and this will be a tough one to get over for a long time." ? Kansas coach Bill Self after Friday night's overtime loss to Michigan.

___

FRIDAY'S RESULTS

Midwest Region

Louisville 77, Oregon 69

Duke 71, Michigan State 61

South Region

Michigan 87, Kansas 85, OT

Florida 62, Florida Gulf Coast 50

___

SATURDAY'S SCHEDULE

East Region

At Washington

Marquette (26-8) vs. Syracuse (29-9), 4:30 p.m.

West Region

At Los Angeles

Ohio State (29-7) vs. Wichita State (29-8), 7 p.m.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2013-03-30-BKC-BracketRacket-033013/id-029bfe057ee94385aa1a9f9a50a418d4

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Thursday, March 28, 2013

Details of gene pathways suggest fine-tuning drugs for child brain tumors

Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Pediatric researchers, investigating the biology of brain tumors in children, are finding that crucial differences in how the same gene is mutated may call for different treatments. A new study offers glimpses into how scientists will be using the ongoing flood of gene-sequencing data to customize treatments based on very specific mutations in a child's tumor.

"By better understanding the basic biology of these tumors, such as how particular mutations in the same gene may respond differently to targeted drugs, we are moving closer to personalized medicine for children with cancer," said the study's first author, Angela J. Sievert, M.D., M.P.H., an oncologist in the Cancer Center at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Sievert, working with co-first author Shih-Shan Lang, M.D., in the translational laboratory of neurosurgeon Phillip Storm, M.D., and Adam Resnick, Ph.D., published a study ahead of print today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The study, performed in cell cultures and animals, focused on a type of astrocytoma, the most common type of brain tumor in children. When surgeons can fully remove an astrocytoma (also called a low-grade glioma), a child can be cured. However, many astrocytomas are too widespread or in too delicate a site to be safely removed. Others may recur. So pediatric oncologists have been seeking better options---ideally, a drug that can selectively and definitively kill the tumor with low toxicity to healthy tissue.

The current study focuses on mutations in the BRAF gene, one of the most commonly mutated genes in human cancers. Because the same gene is also mutated in certain adult cancers, such as melanoma, the pediatric researchers were able to make use of recently developed drugs, BRAF inhibitors, which were already being tested with some success against melanoma in adults.

The current study provides another example of the complexity of cancer: in the same gene, different mutations behave differently. Sievert and her colleagues at Children's Hospital were among several research groups who reported almost simultaneously in 2008 and 2009 that mutations in the BRAF gene were highly prevalent in astrocytomas in children. "These were landmark discoveries, because they suggested that if we could block the action of that mutation, we could develop a new, more effective treatment for these tumors," said Sievert.

However, follow-up studies in animal models were initially disappointing. BRAF inhibitors that were effective in BRAF-driven adult melanomas made brain tumors worse?via an effect called paradoxical activation.

Further investigation revealed how tumor behavior depended on which type of BRAF mutation was involved. The first-generation drug that was effective in adult melanoma acted against point mutations in BRAF called V600E alterations. However, in most astrocytomas the mutation in the BRAF gene was different; it produced a fusion gene, designated KIAA1549-BRAF. When used against the fusion gene, the first-generation drug activated a cancer-driving biological pathway, the MAPK signaling cascade, and accelerated tumor growth.

By examining the molecular mechanisms behind drug resistance and working with the pharmaceutical industry, the current study's investigators identified a new, experimental second-generation BRAF inhibitor that disrupted the cancer-promoting signals from the fusion gene, and did not cause the paradoxical activation in the cell cultures and animal models.

This preclinical work result lays a foundation for multicenter clinical trials to test the mutation-specific targeting of tumors by this class of drugs in children with astrocytomas, said Sievert. As this effort progresses, it will benefit from CHOP's commitment to resources and collaborations that support data-intense research efforts.

The direction of brain tumor research over the past several years reflects some of those data-driven advances, says Adam C. Resnick, Ph.D., the senior author of the current paper and principal investigator of the astrocytoma research team in the Division of Neurosurgery at Children's Hospital. "For years, astrocytomas have been lumped together based on similar appearance to pathologists studying their structure, cell shape and other factors," said Resnick. "But our current discoveries show that the genetic and molecular structure of tumors provides more specific information in guiding oncologists toward customized treatments."

Earlier this year, Children's Hospital announced its collaboration with the gene-sequencing organization BGI-Shenzhen in performing next-generation sequencing of pediatric brain tumors at the Joint Genome Center, BGI@CHOP. The center's sophisticated, high-throughput sequencing technology will greatly speed the discovery of specific gene alterations involved in childhood brain cancers.

This genomic discovery program dovetails with the work of the Childhood Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, a multi-institutional collaboration recently launched by CHOP, with support from the Children's Brain Tissue Foundation. Because even large research centers may not hold enough tumor tissue specimens to power certain research, the consortium pools samples from a group of institutions, providing an important scientific resource for cooperative studies.

"The better we understand the mutational landscape of tumors, the closer we'll be to defining therapies tailored to a patient's specific subtype of cancer," added Resnick.

###

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: http://www.chop.edu

Thanks to Children's Hospital of Philadelphia for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127476/Details_of_gene_pathways_suggest_fine_tuning_drugs_for_child_brain_tumors

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Brooklyn Band Ghost Beach Launches Ad Campaign That Encourages Fans To Pick A Side On Piracy

ghost beach piracyA large billboard in Times Square formerly occupied by American Eagle is currently cycling through the following phrases: Piracy is progress. Piracy is freedom. Piracy is harmless. Piracy is inevitable. Piracy is robbery. Piracy is evil. Piracy is selfish. Or is it a fad? It?s part of an advertising campaign by a Brooklyn-based band called Ghost Beach that is asking all of us to choose a side: are you for piracy, or are you against it? The billboard directs the public to its Artists vs. Artists website, where you can choose to either buy Ghost Beach?s new album on iTunes, or simply download the entire album for free. The website also asks you to tweet where your true allegiance lies with the hashtags #artistsagainstpiracy and #artistsforpiracy. Tweets that have gone out in support of piracy outnumber the latter by a factor of 20 to 1. The purpose behind this experiment, reminiscent of when Radiohead gave their fans the option of downloading their album In Rainbows for any sum of money they wanted on their website, is to alert the music industry on what the public ultimately wants. ?By giving music listeners the choice to buy, stream or download free from the artist,? band frontman Josh Ocean tells TorrentFreak, ?everybody wins and music is shared in a way that is convenient for listeners and respects the artists intellectual property.? The band doesn?t support piracy by any means, but hopes that the music industry will realize that piracy will remain a more convincing option until fans are given more ?modern choices? when it comes to the consumption of music.?For now, it seems as though a majority of their fans think that ?modern choices? equates to free. Still, a conundrum remains. The big record labels won’t budge a bit on their current pricing models as long as piracy continues. No amount of online piracy will convince the record labels to bring prices down. What consumers need to do, if they feel as if they’re being robbed by the record labels, is to embrace the new forms of music consumption that are out there. Music streaming services like Spotify, Pandora, and to a lesser extent Rdio are doing well because of the freemium model they’ve employed. On these services, you can legally listen to as much music as you’d like as long as you don’t mind ads, and if you want ads gone, all

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/A5QblsCA594/

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Americans oppose paying for storm-ravaged beaches

(AP) ? More than 4 out of 5 Americans want to prepare now for rising seas and stronger storms from climate change, a new national survey says. But most are unwilling to keep spending money to restore and protect stricken beaches.

The poll by Stanford University released Thursday found that only 1 in 3 people favored the government spending millions to construct big sea walls, replenish beaches or pay people to leave the coast.

This was the first time a large national poll looked at how Americans feel about adapting to the changes brought on by global warming, said survey director Jon Krosnick, a professor of political science and psychology at Stanford.

The more indirect options the majority preferred were making sure new buildings were stronger and reducing future coastal development. New building codes rated the highest with 62 percent of those surveyed favoring it.

Three in 5 people want those who are directly affected by rising seas to pay for protection, rather than all taxpayers.

Krosnick said the low favorability of sea walls and sand replenishment "reflect the public's fatalistic sense that it's more realistic to just give up the beach than to try to save it when other storms in the future will just wash it away again."

The nationally representative survey of 1,174 Americans conducted online by GfK Custom Research has a margin of error of plus or minus 4.9 percentage points.

University of Miami geology professor Harold Wanless, who wasn't involved in the survey, said he was at a Miami Beach meeting on Thursday with business and political leaders on how to try to keep from losing their "hugely expensive" land. But they are afraid of spending money in vain attempts that won't work.

There are three ways the public can deal with the effects of rising seas on beaches, said coastal geology professor S. Jeffress Williams of the University of Hawaii. He is an expert on sea level rise and methods of adapting to it. You can "hold the line" with expensive sea walls, retreat and leave the beach, or compromise with sand dunes and beach replenishing.

Sand dunes helped protect the New Jersey town of Seaside Park more than its dune-less neighbor Seaside Heights when Superstorm Sandy hit last fall, said Laurie Mcgilvray, a government coastline science expert.

Williams said the public's attitude about not doing much to protect current beach development would be fine if it were 100 years ago. "But we've got tremendous trillions of dollars of a tourist economy that depends on the coast.

"You should expect that if you are going to use the coast, you need to put some money in to maintain it," he said.

But people surveyed said money is an issue.

When it came to the general question of who should pay to protect the coast, 60 percent of the public said it should be paid for by local property owners and businesses, not the general taxpayers. And when it comes to specific solutions, about 80 percent of those surveyed said the money should come from local property taxes, not federal or state income taxes.

Nearly half, 47 percent, said the government should prohibit people from rebuilding structures damaged by storms.

The survey also found that 82 percent of the public believes global warming is already happening. About 3 out of 4 people said rising sea levels caused by global warming is a serious problem.

___

Online:

Stanford study: http://stanford.io/16kTvKo

___

Seth Borenstein can be followed at http://twitter.com/borenbears

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-03-28-Climate%20Poll/id-4bb2c34e6cdc4a05b7f40cf5d7fcfb03

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Quotations of the day

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/quotations-day-070627283.html

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North Korea says it will cut key military hotline

Mar 26 (Reuters) - Leading money winners on the 2013 PGATour on Monday (U.S. unless stated): 1. Tiger Woods $3,787,600 2. Brandt Snedeker $2,859,920 3. Matt Kuchar $2,154,500 4. Steve Stricker $1,820,000 5. Phil Mickelson $1,650,260 6. Hunter Mahan $1,553,965 7. John Merrick $1,343,514 8. Dustin Johnson $1,330,507 9. Russell Henley $1,313,280 10. Kevin Streelman $1,310,343 11. Keegan Bradley $1,274,593 12. Charles Howell III $1,256,373 13. Michael Thompson $1,254,669 14. Brian Gay $1,171,721 15. Justin Rose $1,155,550 16. Jason Day $1,115,565 17. Chris Kirk $1,097,053 18. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-says-cut-key-military-hotline-074759664.html

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Pope Francis Offers Holy Thursday Foot Washing To Inmates In Casal Del Marmo Jail (PHOTOS) (VIDEO)

ROME -- Pope Francis washed the feet of a dozen inmates at a juvenile detention center in a Holy Thursday ritual that he celebrated for years as archbishop and is continuing now that he is pope. Two of the 12 were young women, an unusual choice given that the rite re-enacts Jesus' washing of the feet of his male disciples.

The Mass was held in the Casal del Marmo facility in Rome, where 46 young men and women currently are detained. Many of them are Gypsies or North African migrants, and the Vatican said the 12 selected for the rite weren't necessarily Catholic.

Because the inmates were mostly minors ? the facility houses inmates aged 14-21 ? the Vatican and Italian Justice Ministry limited media access inside. But Vatican Radio carried the Mass live, and Francis told the detainees that Jesus washed the feet of his disciples on the eve of his crucifixion in a gesture of love and service.

"If the Lord has washed his disciples' feet, you should do the same to one another," Francis said in his homily. "I have given you the example so that you may do the same."

As archbishop of Buenos Aires, the former Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio would celebrate the ritual foot-washing in jails, hospitals or hospices ? part of his ministry to the poorest and most marginalized of society. It's a message that he is continuing now that he is pope, saying he wants a church "for the poor."

Previous popes would carry out the foot-washing ritual on Holy Thursday in Rome's grand St. John Lateran basilica and the 12 people chosen for the ritual were priests to represent the 12 disciples.

That Francis would include women in this re-enactment is symbolically noteworthy given the Vatican's prohibition on female priests.

___

Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/28/pope-francis-holy-thursday-foot-washing_n_2972775.html

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Property tax hike but what's the plan to collect? - Gleaner Blogs

March 28th, 2013

Jamaican land owners are now faced with an increase in property tax. The Jamaica Gleaner in an article ?Massive Land Taxes Coming? on February 19, 2013, pointed to dramatic increases coming effective April 1, 2013. The aim of this revenue measure, announced by the Government of Jamaica on February 12, 2013, is to raise $3.4 billion dollars in the 2013/2014 financial year.

Based on the revenue measures announced, a property owner whose unimproved land is valued at $300,000 will now owe $4,000 up from $1,000 before. A property valued at $3,000,000 will incur taxes of $54,500 up from $21,250. (see Jamaica Property Tax Calculator )

It does not end there. The land agency is warning that a property re-valuing program, the first in over 10 years, is now in progress and is scheduled to be completed for the 2014/2015 financial year. If these property values are increased by 100% with no further adjustment in the property tax rates, the land owner above will now have a property valued at $600,000 and would then owe $ 8,500 up from the $4,000 to be paid in 2013/2014. Similarly, a property then valued at $6,000,000 would incur taxes of $114,500 in 2014/2015 up from $54,250.

Higher Tax Rate Higher Delinquency?

As massive as the increases are, what is striking is that $6.4 billion dollars are currently owned in property taxes for the period 2006-2013 as at the end of December 2012. (click image below for larger view)

A further look at the data shows that in 2010/2011, when the last property tax increase was implemented, arrears jumped from over $699.203 million in 2009/2010 to over $1.176 billion, a 68% increase. Could a similar thing happen in 2013/2014? According to the Private Sector Working Group, property tax compliance fell from over 70% in 2003 to less than 50% by 2010.

Should we have a land tax amnesty? If we do, the only hope is that the data is up to date and we don?t have a similar fiasco like the traffic ticket amnesty.

If we could not collect the $6.4 billion that is now outstanding over the last 6 years what is the plan to collect the $3.4 billion in 2013/2014? What you do think? Have your say now.

Tags: International Monetary Fund (IMF), Jamaica, Property Tax

Source: http://gleanerblogs.com/haveyoursay/?p=1926

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Source: http://forums.ferra.ru/index.php?showtopic=55141

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Have Easter plans? Try these restaurants | Food and More with John ...

Brunch with the bunny

If you haven?t made reservations for a special Easter meal this Sunday, there may still be time. Here are some restaurants around town that will be celebrating the holiday.

103 West

Brunch buffet with kid-friendly fare and live entertainment. Activities for the children include bunny visits and face painting. 10:30 a.m. ? 3:00 p.m. $62 adults, $24.50 ages 6-12, free for 5 and under. 404-233-5993.

Antebellum

Sunday brunch menu from 9 a.m. ? 3 p.m. 770-965-8100

Bantam & Biddy

Special Easter meal served alongside regular menu. 11 a.m. ? 9 p.m. $20 Easter meal. 404-907-3469

Canoe

Holiday brunch menu from 10:30 a.m. ? 2:30 p.m. 770-432-2663

Chicken & the Egg

Sunday brunch menu served from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. 678-388-8813

Ecco

Special brunch menu, 11 a.m. ? 3 p.m. 404-347-9555

Haven

Three-course brunch menu beginning at 10:30 a.m. $29.00, a la carte children?s menu will be available for $8.00 per item. 404-969-0700

Livingston Restaurant & Bar

Brunch buffet, $35 for adults, $15 for children ages 6-12, free under 5 years. 404-897-5000

No. 246

Brunch and lunch menus offered. Kids Easter egg hunt at 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. 678-399-8246

Ray?s on the Creek

Sunday brunch buffet served from 9 a.m. ? 3 p.m. $29.95 adults, $14.95 ages 5-10, 4 and under eat free. 770-649-0064

Ray?s on the River

Easter buffet served from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. $39.95 adults, $19.95 children ages 5-10, 4 and under free. 770-955-1187

Rosebud

A la carte menu, 9 a.m. ? 4 p.m. 404-347-9747

South City Kitchen (both locations)

Three-course brunch menu staring at 10 a.m. (Vinings locations) and 11 a.m. (Midtown). $32, $16 children under 12. 404-873-7358 (Midtown) or 770-435-0700 (Vinings)

The Family Dog

No reservations accepted for this a la carte meal, 10:30 a.m. ? 4 p.m.

The Shed at Glenwood

Brunch buffet, 10 a.m. ? 3 p.m. $25 adult, $12 child. 404-835-4363

Valenza

Three-course Easter dinner with side items for the table to share starting at 5 p.m. $24. 404-969-3233

Villa Christina

Brunch buffet with complimentary mimosas. Activities for the kids include egg hunts, face painting, moon walk, Easter bunny photos and crafts. 11:30 a.m. ? 3:00 p.m. $45 adults, $25 children 6-12 years, free ages five and under. 404-303-0133

?by Jenny Turknett, Food & More blog

Source: http://blogs.ajc.com/food-and-more/2013/03/27/have-easter-plans-try-these-restaurants/?cxntfid=blogs_food_and_more

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Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Scientists confirm first two-headed bull shark

Mar. 25, 2013 ? Scientists have confirmed the discovery of the first-ever, two-headed bull shark.The study, led by Michigan State University and appearing in the Journal of Fish Biology, confirmed the specimen, found in the Gulf of Mexico April 7, 2011, was a single shark with two heads, rather than conjoined twins.

?There have been other species of sharks, such as blue sharks and tope sharks, born with two heads. This is the first record of dicephalia in a bull shark, said Michael Wagner, MSU assistant professor of fisheries and wildlife, who confirmed the discovery with colleagues at the Florida Keys Community College.

"This is certainly one of those interesting and rarely detected phenomena," Wagner said. "It's good that we have this documented as part of the world's natural history, but we'd certainly have to find many more before we could draw any conclusions about what caused this."

The difficulty of finding such oddities is due, in part, to creatures with abnormalities dying shortly after birth. In this instance, a fisherman found the two-headed shark when he opened the uterus of an adult shark. The two-headed shark died shortly thereafter and had little, if any, chance to survive in the wild, Wagner added.

"You'll see many more cases of two-headed lizards and snakes," he said. "That's because those organisms are often bred in captivity, and the breeders are more likely to observe the anomalies."

The shark was brought to the marine science department at Florida Keys Community College. From there, it was transported to Michigan State's campus for further examination.

Wagner and his team were able to detail the discovery with magnetic resonance imaging. Without damaging the unique specimen, the MRIs revealed two distinct heads, hearts and stomachs with the remainder of the body joining together in back half of the animal to form a single tail.

As part of the published brief, Wagner noted that some may want to attribute the deformed shark to exposure to pollutants.

"Given the timing of the shark's discovery with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, I could see how some people may want to jump to conclusions," Wagner said. "Making that leap is unwarranted. We simply have no evidence to support that cause or any other."

Wagner's research is supported in part by MSU AgBioResearch.

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Journal Reference:

  1. C. M. Wagner, P. H. Rice, A. P. Pease. First record of dicephalia in a bull sharkCarcharhinus leucas(Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) foetus from the Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A.. Journal of Fish Biology, 2013; DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12064

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/strange_science/~3/b0jOdWohmWQ/130325184016.htm

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Botonists find novel way plants pass traits to next generation: Inheritance behavior in corn breaks accepted rules of genetics

Mar. 26, 2013 ? New research explains how certain traits can pass down from one generation to the next -- at least in plants -- without following the accepted rules of genetics.

Scientists have shown that an enzyme in corn responsible for reading information from DNA can prompt unexpected changes in gene activity -- an example of epigenetics.

Epigenetics refers to modifications in the genome that don't directly affect DNA sequences. Though some evidence has suggested that epigenetic changes can bypass DNA's influence to carry on from one generation to the next, this is the first study to show that this epigenetic heritability can be subject to selective breeding.

Researchers bred 10 generations of corn and found that one particular gene's activity persisted from one generation to the next whether the enzyme was functioning or not -- meaning typical genetic behavior was not required for the gene's trait to come through.

And that, the scientists determined, was because the enzyme targets a tiny piece of DNA -- previously thought of as "junk DNA" -- that had jumped from one area of the genome to another, giving that little fragment power to unexpectedly turn on the gene.

The gene in question affects pigmentation in the corn plant. As a result of these experiments, the researchers were able to change yellow kernel corn to a blue kernel variety by compromising the activity of the enzyme in each male parent.

"This is the first example where somebody has been able to take an epigenetic source of variation and, through selective breeding, move it from an inactive state to an active state," said Jay Hollick, associate professor of molecular genetics at The Ohio State University and lead author of the study. "The gene changes its expression in an epigenetic fashion and it doesn't follow standard inheritance behaviors. Those two factors alone have pretty profound implications not only for breeding but also for evolution."

The study appears online in the journal The Plant Cell.

Plant breeders tend to expect to generate desired traits according to what is known as Mendelian principles of inheritance: Offspring receive one copy of genes from each parental plant, and the characteristics of the alleles, or alternative forms of genes, help predict which traits will show up in the next plant generation.

However, epigenetic variations that change the predictability of gene behavior have complicated those expectations.

"The breeding community searches for novel traits that will have commercial interest and they really don't care what the basis is as long as they can capture it and breed it. Epigenetic heritability throws a kink in the expectations, but our findings also provide an opportunity -- if they recognize the variation they're looking for is the result of epigenetics, they could use that to their advantage," said Hollick, also an investigator in Ohio State's centers for RNA Biology and Applied Plant Sciences.

"Just by knowing that this allele behaves in this epigenetic fashion, I can breed plants that either have full coloration or no coloration or anything in between, because I am manipulating epigenetic variation and not genetic variation. And color, of course, is only one trait that could be affected."

With a longtime specialization in the molecular basis for unexpected gene activity in plants, Hollick had zeroed in on an enzyme called RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV). Multiple types of RNA polymerases are responsible for setting gene expression in motion in all cells, and Pol IV is an enigmatic RNA polymerase that is known in plants to produce small RNA molecules.

Pol IV has puzzled scientists because despite its strong conservation in all plants, it appears to have no discernible impact on the development of Arabidopsis, a common model organism in plant biology. For example, when it is deleted from these plants, they show no signs of distress.

In corn, however, Hollick's lab had discovered previously that the absence of Pol IV creates clear problems in the plants, such as growing seeds in the tassel.

Hollick and colleagues observed that plants deficient in Pol IV also showed pigmentation in kernels of ears expected not to make any color at all -- meaning they were expected to be yellow.

"Since we knew the misplaced tassel-seed trait was due to misexpression of a gene, we hypothesized that this pigment trait might be due to a pigment regulator being expressed in a tissue where it normally is never expressed. Molecular analysis showed that that was in fact the case," Hollick said.

The researchers selected dark kernels and light kernels from multiple generations of plants and crossed the plants derived form these different kernel classes to create additional new generations of corn.

"We found that the ears developed from those plants had even more darkly colored kernels and fewer lightly colored kernels. We could segregate the extreme types and cross them together and get this continued intensification of the pigmentation over many generations," he said. "We generated more progeny that had increasing amounts of pigment. This is taking a gene that is genetically null, that doesn't have any function in this part of the plant, and turning it from a complete null to a completely dominant form that produces full coloration.

"Essentially we were breeding a novel trait, but not by selecting for any particular gene. We were just continually altering the epigenetic status of one of the two parental genomes every time."

This led the scientists to question why the affected alleles of the pigmentation gene would behave in this way. An investigation of the affected alleles revealed the nearby presence of a transposon, or transposable element: a tiny piece of DNA that has leapt from one area of the genome to another.

Because the sequence of some small RNA fragments that come from Pol IV's activity are identical to the sequence of these transposons, the finding made sense to the scientists.

"Now that we know that Pol IV is involved in regulating transposons, it's not surprising that genes that are near transposons are now regulated by Pol IV," Hollick said.

This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service and the National Science Foundation.

Hollick conducted this work at the University of California, Berkeley, before he joined Ohio State's faculty. Co-authors are former Berkeley colleagues Karl Erhard Jr., Susan Parkinson, Stephen Gross, Joy-El Barbour and Jana Lim.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Ohio State University.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. K. F. Erhard, S. E. Parkinson, S. M. Gross, J.-E. R. Barbour, J. P. Lim, J. B. Hollick. Maize RNA Polymerase IV Defines trans-Generational Epigenetic Variation. The Plant Cell, 2013; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.107680

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/bzvdDxaq0K8/130326112003.htm

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Flipboard launches new edition, lets readers create magazines

Mar 26 (Reuters) - Leading money winners on the 2013 PGATour on Monday (U.S. unless stated): 1. Tiger Woods $3,787,600 2. Brandt Snedeker $2,859,920 3. Matt Kuchar $2,154,500 4. Steve Stricker $1,820,000 5. Phil Mickelson $1,650,260 6. Hunter Mahan $1,553,965 7. John Merrick $1,343,514 8. Dustin Johnson $1,330,507 9. Russell Henley $1,313,280 10. Kevin Streelman $1,310,343 11. Keegan Bradley $1,274,593 12. Charles Howell III $1,256,373 13. Michael Thompson $1,254,669 14. Brian Gay $1,171,721 15. Justin Rose $1,155,550 16. Jason Day $1,115,565 17. Chris Kirk $1,097,053 18. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/flipboard-launches-edition-lets-readers-create-magazines-010432627--sector.html

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Psychology study shows distance plays key role in gun control arguments

Mar. 25, 2013 ? As the nation continues to grapple with the long-simmering issue of gun control, solutions are stymied by heated debates. To effectively influence a divided America, elected officials must take a broad perspective rather than focusing on specific incidents, according to a new psychology study from The University of Texas at Austin.

The study, led by University of Texas at Austin psychology researchers Erin Burgoon and Marlone Henderson, is published in the March online issue of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

According to the findings, public officials who are located out of state from their constituents and the incident are more likely to gain approval by framing their arguments around the abstract rather than specific incidents. This prompts people to consider the larger picture, says Henderson, assistant professor of psychology.

As for the representatives located closer to the participants, the researchers found they scored higher approval ratings for their decisions based on single incidents, such as the shooting in Arizona of former U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords in January 2011. When politicians speak at local events, they cue their constituents to focus on the specifics and look at the rich details of life, Henderson says.

"By focusing on the here-and-now, people are likely to be much more accepting of a nearby politician's stance on gun control," Henderson says. "Yet when a more geographically distant politician gives a speech or an interview, people tend to think in broader terms and want their elected officials to do the same by avoiding basing their policies on a single shooting incident."

As part of the study, 112 participants read purportedly real interview responses made by their congressional representatives regarding gun control two weeks after the Arizona shooting. After identifying the location of the participants' residence, the researchers told them that Gallup had interviewed U.S. representatives, including their representative, about gun laws in light of recent crime statistics. They varied the location of the interview with the representative. That is, participants read that the interview either occurred at the representative's district office (closer) or the representative's Washington, D.C., office (more distant). They also varied whether the congressional representatives cited the Arizona shooting or a broader set of gun-related crime statistics.

According to the results, more participants were less supportive of a distant representative whose gun control position was based on the shooting rather than the statistics. However, participants were equally supportive of the closer representative who cited the shooting or statistics.

The researchers found similar results in a series of experiments describing decisions of other elected officials on a variety of policy issues (reallocation of police forces, homeland security, gun control, etc.). The findings suggest the constituent behaviors extend beyond the issue of gun control.

"Representatives should consider their distance from constituents when communicating their stance," says Burgoon, a psychology doctoral student and lead author of the study. "For example, an official making a statement at a town hall meeting may benefit from citing a single case, but would be wise to cite statistics or trends when sending a mass email from Washington, D.C."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Texas at Austin.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Erin M. Burgoon, Marlone D. Henderson, and Cheryl J. Wakslak. How Do We Want Others to Decide? Geographical Distance Influences Evaluations of Decision Makers Pers. Soc Psychol Bull, March 24, 2013 DOI: 10.1177/0146167213481247

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/Vezx0yKN-x0/130325141722.htm

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Tuesday, March 26, 2013

Simulations uncover obstacle to harnessing laser-driven fusion: Under realistic conditions, hollow cones fail to guide energetic electrons to fuel

Mar. 26, 2013 ? A once-promising approach for using next-generation, ultra-intense lasers to help deliver commercially viable fusion energy has been brought into serious question by new experimental results and first-of-a-kind simulations of laser-plasma interaction.

Researchers at The Ohio State University are evaluating a two-stage process in which a pellet of fusion fuel is first crushed by lasers on all sides, shrinking the pellet to dozens of times its original size, followed by an ultra-intense burst of laser light to ignite a chain reaction. This two-stage approach is called Fast Ignition, and there are a few variants on the theme.

In a recent paper, the Ohio State research group considered the long-discussed possibility of using a hollow cone to maintain a channel for the ultra-intense "ignitor pulse" to focus laser energy on the compressed pellet core. Drawing on both experimental results from studies at the Titan Laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, and massively-parallel computer simulations of the laser-target interaction performed at the Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) in Columbus, Ohio, the research team found compelling evidence that the cone-guided approach to Fast Ignition has a serious flaw.

"In the history of fusion research, two-steps-forward and one-step-back stories are a common theme," said Chris Orban, Ph.D., a researcher of the High Energy Density Physics research group at Ohio State and the lead theorist on the project. "But sometimes progress is about seeing what's not going to work, just as much as it is looking forward to the next big idea."

Since the ultra-intense pulse delivers energy to the fuel through relativistic electrons accelerated by the laser interaction, the Ohio State study focused on the coupling of the laser light to electrons and the propagation of those electrons through the cone target. Rather than investigating how the interaction would work on a high-demand, high-cost facility like the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which is also based at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and one of the largest scientific operations in the world, the researchers considered experiments just across from NIF at the Titan laser, which is much smaller and easily accessible.

These images from their simulations highlight the trajectories of randomly-selected electrons for a thin cone (left) and thick cone (right), each attached to a copper wire. Background colors show the strength of the electric fields pointing away from the cone and wire. For thin cones, the electric fields act to guide energetic electrons forward into the wire while for thick cones -- a more realistic case -- these fields are too distant to be effective. An animation of the simulation is available online at: http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~orban/cone_wire_final5mJ_4_5ps.avi.

Despite its size and despite having lower total energy, for a brief moment the Titan laser is many thousands of times more intense than NIF, which makes it a decent stand-in as a second-stage ignitor pulse. The OSU-led experimental team focused the Titan pulse on hollow cone targets attached at the tip to copper wires and observed the burst of X-ray photons coming from the copper as a measure of the laser energy to relativistic electron conversion efficiency.

The X-ray signal was much lower from the hollow cones with thicker cone walls. "This was strong evidence to the experimental team that the typical approach to cone-guided Fast Ignition wouldn't work, since thicker cones should be more realistic than thin cones," said Orban. "This is because electrons are free to move around in a dense plasma, much like they do in a normal metal, so the thicker cone target is like a thin cone embedded in a dense plasma."

These intuitions were tested in simulations performed at OSC. Whereas earlier efforts to simulate the laser-target interaction were forced to simplify or shrink the target size in order to make the calculations more feasible, Orban used the LSP code to perform the first-ever, full-scale 2D Particle-In-Cell simulations of the entire laser-target interaction using fully realistic laser fields.

These simulations also included a sophisticated model for the pre-heating of the target from stray laser light ahead of the ultra-intense pulse developed by collaborators at the Flash Center for Computational Science at the University of Chicago.

"We were delighted to help Chris use the FLASH code to provide realistic initial conditions for his Particle-In-Cell simulations," said Don Lamb, director of the Flash Center. "This is an outstanding example of how two groups can collaborate to achieve a scientific result that neither could have achieved alone."

To conduct the simulations, the Ohio State researchers accessed OSC's flagship Oakley Cluster supercomputer system. The HP-built system features 8,300+ Intel Xeon cores and 128 NVIDIA Tesla GPUs. Oakley can achieve 88 teraflops, tech-speak for performing 88 trillion calculations per second, or, with acceleration from the NVIDIA GPUs, a total peak performance of 154 teraflops.

"The simulations pointed to the electric fields building up on the edge of the cone as the key to everything," said Orban. "The thicker the cone is, the further away the cone edge is from the laser, and as a result fewer energetic electrons are deflected forward, which is the crucial issue in making cone-guided Fast Ignition a viable approach."

With both the experiment and the simulations telling the same story, the evidence is compelling that the cone-guided route to Fast Ignition is an unlikely one. While other studies have come to similar conclusions, the group was the first to identify the plasma surrounding the cone as a severe hindrance. Thankfully, there are still many other ideas for successfully igniting the fusion pellet with current or soon-to-be-constructed laser facilities. Any future efforts to spark fusion reactions with these lasers using a two-stage fast-ignition approach must be mindful to consider the neutralizing effect of the free electrons in the dense plasma.

"We could not have completed this project without the Oakley Cluster," Orban noted. "It was the perfect combination of speed and RAM and availability for us. And thanks to the profiling I was able to do, the compute time for our production runs went from two weeks in November 2011 to three or four days as of February 2012."

"Energy and the environment is one of the primary focus areas of the center, and this research fits perfectly into that domain," said Brian Guilfoos, the client and technology support manager for OSC. "Many of our systems were designed and software packages selected to best support the type of computing required by investigators working in fields related to our focus areas."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Ohio Supercomputer Center.

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Journal Reference:

  1. K. U. Akli, C. Orban, D. Schumacher, M. Storm, M. Fatenejad, D. Lamb, R. R. Freeman. Coupling of high-intensity laser light to fast electrons in cone-guided fast ignition. Physical Review E, 2012; 86 (6) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.065402

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/2LmJkrdgNbo/130326162340.htm

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